Review on Smart Multi-Sensor Cane Technologies for Blind Peoples: Issue and Challenges

Abstract

The continually increasing number in individuals experiencing visual impairments globally, coupled with the challenges encountered by the blind in their daily existence, has prompted the advancement of conventional canes and the implementation of sophisticated assistive technologies to improve the autonomy of the blind and facilitate safer mobility sophisticated assistive technologies to improve the Independence of the blind and facilitate safer mobility. This review present recently utilized the incorporation of modern sensor technologies, namely LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and ultrasonic sensors, into smart canes to improve navigation functionalities. LiDAR enables high-precision obstacle identification and environmental mapping, whilst ultrasonic sensors provide dependable operation in bad weather situations. Utilization Internet of Things (IoT) connection to provide real-time data processing, remote support, and GPS tracking.  This paper evaluates current developments in smart cane technology, assessing the ad-vantages and drawbacks of different sensor combinations. systems, and wireless communication modules (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM) in enhancing user experience. The research underscores the difficulties encountered in sensor fusion, energy consumption, and environmental adaptation. Future advancements must prioritize AI integration for improved obstacle detection, energy-efficient designs, and economical implementations to boost the accessibility of assistive technology. This study advances innovation in assistive mobility solutions, enhancing freedom and safety for visually impaired persons.