Histomorphometrical and histochemical study of small intestine development in local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) embryos

Authors

  • Saffanah Mahmood Department of Anatomy/ College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
  • Sura Mohammed Nazar Othman University of Mosul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujavs.v4i1.664

Keywords:

Chicken embryo, Duck embryo, Histochemistry, Histomorphometry, Small intestine development

Abstract

This study demonstrated for the first time the histomorphometry of the small intestine (SI) and distribution of goblet and Paneth cells, collagen, and smooth muscle fibers in (SI) of the local chicken and duck during embryological development using the combined PAS and Alcian blue (pH2.5), Geimsa, and Masson's trichrome stains. One hundred and four fertilized chicken eggs and one hundred and forty fertilized duck eggs were collected from Mosul city. The sample placed in an incubator with automatic movement, ventilation, and humidity was (60%) and the temperature was (37.7 °C) for chicken and (37.5 °C) for duck. The histomorphometry showed significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 19th and 21st days of incubation of the villi's length, width, and apparent surface area. As for the epithelium height and the intestinal crypts, there were significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 18th and 20th days of incubation in the ileum and jejunum. Furthermore, the mucosa was thicker in chicken embryos in the day of hatching, the submucosa was thicker in ducks during the 18th day of the incubation in the duodenum. During day 15 of the incubation in chicken embryos in the jejunum and ileum, the muscularis layer was thicker in the duodenum and jejunum and less thick in the ileum, and the collagen fibers were less too in the duck embryos at hatching d. The serosa was thicker in the duck embryos. The percentage of the goblet cells was higher with a larger density in duck embryos  than chicken at hatching day. Paneth cells were characterized by acidic granular cytoplasm. The achieved outcomes of histomorphometry and the density variances of the glycoprotein secretion are probably linked with numerous definite roles of (SI) parts in the progressions of nutrient absorption.

References

References

Dhyaa, Ab. Abood and F. J. Al-Saffar. The post hatching development of the female genital system in Indigenous Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 39(2):17–25. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i2.172

Ainsworth, S.J., Stanley, R.L. and Evans, D.J., 2010. Developmental stages of the Japanese quail. Journal of Anatomy, 216,(1):3-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01173.x

Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Walter, P., 2002. The airways and the gut. In Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Garland Science. [available at].

Alhaaik, A.G.M., 2016. Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical postnatal developmental changes in the small intestine and colon of the indigenous rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (Doctoral dissertation, Baghdad University). [available at].

Al-Mahmood, S.S., 2020. Improving light microscopic detection of collagen by trichrome stain modification. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 34,(2):273-281. http://www.doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2020.126176.1256

Bancroft, J. D., Suvarna, K. and Layton, C., 2012. Bancroft theory and practice of histological techniques. 7th ed., Ch. 17 the Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 672. [available at].

Barker, N., Bartfeld, S. and Clevers, H., 2010. Tissue-resident adult stem cell populations of rapidly self-renewing organs. Cell stem cell, 7,(6):656-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2010.11.016

Basak, O., van de Born, M., Korving, J., Beumer, J., van der Elst, S., van Es, J.H. and Clevers, H., 2014. Mapping early fate determination in L gr5+ crypt stem cells using a novel K i67?RFP allele. The EMBO journal, 33,(18):2057-2068. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201488017

Birchenough, G.M., Johansson, M.E., Gustafsson, J.K., Bergström, J.H. and Hansson, G., 2015. New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function. Mucosal immunology, 8,(4):712-719. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2015.32

Black, B.L. and Smith, J.E., 1989. Regulation of goblet cell differentiation by calcium in embryonic chick intestine. The FASEB journal, 3,(14):2653-2659. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.3.14.2512193

Calhoun, M.L., 1988. The microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of Gallus domesticus. Iowa State College Press, 7,(3):61- 81.

Carulli, A.J., Samuelson, L.C. and Schnell, S., 2014. Unraveling intestinal stem cell behavior with models of crypt dynamics. Integrative Biology, 6,(3):243-257. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ib40163d

Dey, P., 2022. Fixation of Histology Samples: Principles, Methods and Types of Fixatives. In: Basic and Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Histopathology and Cytology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6616-3_1

Ding, B.A., Pirone, A., Lenzi, C., Xiaoming, N., Baglini, A. and Romboli, I., 2011. Histochemical features of the Muscovy duck small intestine during development. Tissue and Cell, 43,(3):190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2011.03.001

Durand, A., Donahue, B., Peignon, G., Letourneur, F., Cagnard, N., Slomianny, C., Perret, C., Shroyer, N.F. and Romagnolo, B., 2012. Functional intestinal stem cells after Paneth cell ablation induced by the loss of transcription factor Math1 (Atoh1). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109,(23):8965-8970. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201652109

Johansson, M.E. and Hansson, G.C., 2016. Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16,(10):639-649. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.88

Johnson, J., DelGiudice, B., Bangari, D., Peterson, E., Ulinski, G., Ryan, S. and Thurberg, B., 2019. The Laboratory Mouse: A Guide to the Location and Orientation of Tissues for Optimal Histological Evaluation. CRC Press. [available at].

Klasing, K.C., 1999. Avian gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. In Seminars in avian and exotic pet medicine, 8,(2):42-50. WB Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-937X(99)80036-X

MA Hassouna, E., 2001. Some anatomical and morphometrical studies on the intestinal tract of chicken, duck, goose, turkey, pigeon, dove, quail, sparrow, heron, jackdaw, hoopoe, kestrel and owl. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 44,(88):47-78. [available at].

Meijering, E., Dzyubachyk, O., Smal, I. and van Cappellen, W.A., 2009. Tracking in cell and developmental biology. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology, 20,(8):894-902). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.07.004

Miller, H.M., Carroll, S.M., Reynolds, F.H. and Slade, R.D., 2007. Effect of rearing environment and age on gut development of piglets at weaning. Livestock Science, 108,(1-3):124-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.016

Moran Jr, E.T., 1982. Small intestine-liver-pancreas complex. Comparative Nutrition of Fowl and Swine: The Gastrointestinal Systems. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, 90-94.

Nasrin, M., Siddiqi, M.N.H., Masum, M.A. and Wares, M.A., 2012. Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 10,(452-2016-35577):69-77. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.209272

Noy, Y.A.E.L. and Sklan, D., 1999. Energy utilization in newly hatched chicks. Poultry Science, 78,(12):1750-1756. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.12.1750

Pelaseyed, T., Bergström, J.H., Gustafsson, J.K., Ermund, A., Birchenough, G.M., Schütte, A., van der Post, S., Svensson, F., Rodríguez?Piñeiro, A.M., Nyström, E.E. and Wising, C., 2014. The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunological reviews, 260,(1):8-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12182

Petrie, A. and Watson, P., 2013. Statistics for veterinary and animal science. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. USA, 105-111.

Quigley, J., 2001. Calf Note# 34-Intestinal mucin. Calf Notes. com. Disponível em http://www. calfnotes. com/pdffiles/CN034. pdf.

Smirnov, A., Perez, R., Amit-Romach, E., Sklan, D. and Uni, Z., 2005. Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. The Journal of Nutrition, 135,(2):187-192. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.2.187

Smirnov, A., Sklan, D. and Uni, Z., 2004. Mucin dynamics in the chick small intestine are altered by starvation. The Journal of nutrition, 134,(4):736-742. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.4.736

Smirnov, A., Tako, E., Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z., 2006. Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates. Poultry science, 85,(4):669-673. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.4.669

Smith, S.A., Newman, S.J., Coleman, M.P. and Alex, C., 2018. Characterization of the histologic appearance of normal gill tissue using special staining techniques. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 30,(5):688-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638718791819

Soliman, S.A., Ahmed, Y.A. and Abdelsabour-Khalaf, M., 2016. Histogenesis of the stomach of the pre-hatching quail: A light microscopic study. Anatomical science international, 91,(4):407-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-015-0318-6

Suad, K.A., Al-Shamire, J.S.H. and Dhyaa, A.A., 2018. Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with ?-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (?-HMB-Ca). Iranian journal of veterinary research, 19,(1):27. [available at].

Suvarna, K.S., Layton, C. and Bancroft, J.D., 2018. Bancroft's theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier health sciences. 7th ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier Ltd., Shanghai, China: 609. [available at].

Tripathi, M., Bansal, R., Gupta, M. and Bharat, V., 2013. Comparison of routine fixation of tissues with rapid tissue fixation. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 7(12), p.2768. https://doi.org/10.7860%2FJCDR%2F2013%2F6233.3754

Uni, Z., Smirnov, A. and Sklan, D., 2003. Pre-and post-hatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: effect of delayed access to feed. Poultry Science, 82,(2):320-327. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.2.320

Uni, Z.E.H.A.V.A., Ganot, S.A.H.A.R. and Sklan, D.A.V.I.D., 1998. Posthatch development of mucosal function in the broiler small intestine. Poultry Science, 77(1):75-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.1.75

Ventura, A., do Nascimento, A.A., dos Santos, M.A.J., Vieira-Lopes, D.A., Sales, A. and Pinheiro, N.L., 2013. Histological Description of Morphogenesis of the Gastroesophageal Mucosa of Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758). International Journal of Morphology, 31,(4):1331-1339. [available at].

Wang, H., Guo, Y. and Shih, J.C., 2008. Effects of dietary supplementation of keratinase on growth performance, nitrogen retention and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed diets with soybean and cottonseed meals. Animal feed science and technology, 140,(3-4):376-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.003

Wilson, H.M., Maya, S., Ashok, N., CV, R., Anitha, P. and Sunanda, C., 2018. Regional variations in the height and width of villi of small intestine during pre-hatch development in Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7,(10):496-499. [available at].

Additional Files

Published

2024-03-28

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Histomorphometrical and histochemical study of small intestine development in local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) embryos. (2024). NTU Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujavs.v4i1.664

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.