Evaluating the Environmental and Hygienic Impacts of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals: Investigating Risks and Solutions (Article Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/6bqknb28Keywords:
antibiotic, environment, Human health, Veterinary pharmaceutical,Abstract
The veterinary pharmaceutical residues have generated critical ecological and human health risks. including antimicrobial, antiparasitic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, these residues can survive in the environment for decades, veterinary medicines specially the antibiotic considered the primary source for bacterial resistance in humans according to the World Health Organization (WHO) short term health associated effect lead to human allergenicity and toxicity while the long term including sever health issues like disruption of intestinal microflora ,carcinogenicity and teratogenicity.An extensive search related to environmental distribution of veterinary pharmaceuticals was performed through researches online databases like (Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed), then papers collected, analyzed, and explained.The active drugs and their metabolites have contributed globally to aquatics and land contamination. While knowledge is growing, large information gaps remain on their effects. The impacts of these chemicals in the environment are still largely unknown. This review shows a clear need to extensively track not just presence of veterinary compounds in different areas worldwide, but primary sources as well. Identifying sources is key to shaping regulatory monitoring, as it addressing current problems and preventing future issues
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