IMPACT OF K- LEVEL ON CLAY DISPERTION IN CALCAREOUS SOILS NORTHERN IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/p0rxd624Keywords:
Cation ratio of soil structural stability, soil degradation, potassium, clay dispersionAbstract
Twelve soil samples were selected from the total soils prevalent in northern Iraq, predominating the illicit mineral, from three governors: Nineveh within the Aridisol order and the governors of Dohuk and Erbil within the Mollisol order. They were packed into soil columns of length (13) cm and diameter (4) cm at a bulk density of 1.33 mcg. m-1, Increasing electrolyte solutions of potassium ion (20, 40, 60, 80) mmol.L-1 is allowed to flow quietly, mixed with sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions to give a constant level of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and obtain four concentrations of ratios of single to binary ions in terms of CROSS (4.26, 7.57, 10.89, 14.20) mmolc. L-1, up to the tenth pore size, for 16 weeks, then measuring the dispersible clay before and after adding electrolyte solutions. The results indicated an increase in the optical density of the soil suspensions with an increase in the added potassium concentration, up to 15.4 mmolc.L-1. The clay dispersion values as a function of the density of their optical suspensions in all soils of the study, as the optical density was highly correlated with the increase in the added level of CROSS ranged between (0.99 - 0.90). The soils varied in their degree of clay dispersion, and the distilled water treatment was less dispersed than the CROSS treatment, and the difference in optical density values between the soils is due to the role of potassium, the high clay content, and the dominance of the minerals montmoronite and illite, due to their dominance. In the study of soil samples, there is a high ability to swell and disperse clay. According to the results, it is suggested that the effect of potassium be taken into account in evaluating the structure of soils, the extent of its deterioration, and its effect on water functions in calcareous soils
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