Recent Advances in Low-Speed Wind Turbines: A Critical Review

Abstract

This review examines recent advancements in low-speed wind turbines, focusing on their design and suitability for regions with limited wind resources such as Iraq. These turbines are crucial for enabling power generation under minimal wind speeds. Based on over 60 peer-reviewed studies from the past five years, the review identifies innovations including bio-inspired blades, wind boosters, and aerodynamic optimizations that achieved up to 38% higher power coefficients and 50% lighter blades. The study synthesizes findings on design strategies, turbine types, and performance evaluations, emphasizing the relative efficiency of vertical- and horizontal-axis wind turbines in low-speed conditions and outlining existing optimization challenges. Results indicate a growing shift toward hybrid and bio-inspired solutions. The novelty lies in offering a region-specific assessment of low-speed turbine advancements, providing a focused framework for low-wind regions like Iraq and distinguishing this review from general wind energy studies.