Enhancing gasoline fuel chararcteristics and engine operation criteria using octan boosters

Authors

  • Maha Asaad Taha master student
  • Musa M. Weis
  • Saddam Th. Hassan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v2i1.157

Abstract

The increase of energy demand and environmental contaminations hearten the utilization of alcohol-based as a alternatives fuels in spark ignition (SI) engine. The fusel oil is a byproduct developed from a fermentation process with higher alcohol content. It has high-octane and slight exhaust emissions, there for it takes important place between the substitutes fuels. During this study, effect of used mixtures of pure low octane gasoline & fusel oil on engine exhaust emissions & performance have been estimated  after water removal from fusel oil. A single-cylinder, four-stroke SI engine has been used in this tests. The inspections  execute at different speeds. The test fuels mixed by fusel oil at ratio  of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. In each speed, the engine’s performance & emissions size have been conducted. During the investigations, it have been observed that the brake power (BP) and specified fuel consuming (SFC) rises as the size of fusel oil risen in the mixture.

References

S. Simsek, B. O.- Energies, and undefined 2018?, “Improvements to the composition of fusel oil and analysis of the effects of fusel oil–gasoline blends on a spark-ignited (SI) engine’s performance and emissions?,” mdpi.com?, doi: 10.3390/en11030625.

O. Awad, M. Xiao, M. Kamil, Z. Bo, O. M. Ali, and S. Shuai, “A Review of the Effects of Gasoline Detergent Additives on the Formation of Combustion Chamber Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., vol. 14, no. 04-14-01–0002, pp. 13–25, 2021.

O. I. Awad et al., “Alcohol and ether as alternative fuels in spark ignition engine: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 82, pp. 2586–2605, 2018.

H. Sharudin, N. R. Abdullah, A. M. I. Mamat, O. M. Ali, and R. Mamat, “An overview of spark ignition engine operating on lower-higher molecular mass alcohol blended gasoline fuels,” J. Teknol., vol. 76, no. 5, 2015.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, H. H. Masjuki, and A. A. Abdullah, “Analysis of blended fuel properties and cycle-to-cycle variation in a diesel engine with a diethyl ether additive,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 108, pp. 511–519, 2016.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine cyclic variations with ethanol additive,” J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 108–114, 2015.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel--diesel blended fuel,” Renew. Energy, vol. 86, pp. 59–67, 2016.

O. I. Awad, R. Bin Mamat, O. M. Ali, and I. M. Yusri, “Effect of fuel oil-gasoline fusel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine: A review,” J. Sci. Res. Dev., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 31–36, 2016.

O. I. Awad, Z. Zhang, M. Kamil, X. Ma, O. M. Ali, and S. Shuai, “Wavelet analysis of the effect of injection strategies on cycle to cycle variation GDI optical engine under clean and fouled injector,” Processes, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 817, 2019.

A. N. Abdalla, O. M. Ali, O. I. Awad, and H. Tao, “Wavelet analysis of an SI engine cycle-to-cycle variations fuelled with the blending of gasoline-fusel oil at a various water content,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 183, pp. 746–752, 2019.

O. M. Ali, “Utilisation of Chemical Waste Additives with Low Octane Commercial Gasoline Fuel to Enhance the Performance of SI Engines,” Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 8612–8620, 2021.

O. I. Awad et al., “Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, pp. 1232–1242, 2017.

O. I. Awad et al., “The effect of adding fusel oil to diesel on the performance and the emissions characteristics in a single cylinder CI engine,” J. energy Inst., vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 382–396, 2017.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and C. K. M. Faizal, “Review of the effects of additives on biodiesel properties, performance, and emission features,” J. Renew. Sustain. energy, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 12701, 2013.

O. I. Awad et al., “Response surface methodology (RSM) based multi-objective optimization of fusel oil-gasoline blends at different water content in SI engine,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 150, pp. 222–241, 2017.

A. N. Abdalla et al., “Prediction of emissions and performance of a gasoline engine running with fusel oil--gasoline blends using response surface methodology,” Fuel, vol. 253, pp. 1–14, 2019.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, M. G. Rasul, and G. Najafi, “Potential of Biodiesel as Fuel for Diesel Engine,” in Clean Energy for Sustainable Development, Academic Press, 2017, pp. 557–590.

O. I. Awad, R. Mamat, T. K. Ibrahim, O. M. Ali, K. Kadirgama, and A. M. Leman, “Performance and combustion characteristics of an SI engine fueled with fusel oil-gasoline at different water content,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 123, pp. 1374–1385, 2017.

O. I. Awad, X. Ma, M. Kamil, O. M. Ali, Z. Zhang, and S. Shuai, “Particulate emissions from gasoline direct injection engines: A review of how current emission regulations are being met by automobile manufacturers,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 718, p. 137302, 2020.

O. I. Awad, X. Ma, M. Kamil, O. M. Ali, Y. Ma, and S. Shuai, “Overview of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether additive as an eco-friendly fuel for an internal combustion engine: Current application and environmental impacts,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 715, p. 136849, 2020.

A. Calam, Y. Içingür, H. Solmaz, and H. Yamk, “A comparison of engine performance and the emission of fusel oil and gasoline mixtures at different ignition timings,” Int. J. Green Energy, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 767–772, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1080/15435075.2013.849256.

F. W. WELSH and R. E. WILLIAMS, “Lipase Mediated Production of Flavor and Fragrance Esters from Fusel Oil,” J. Food Sci., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1565–1568, 1989, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05161.x.

S. Mohammad, S. Ardebili, H. Solmaz, and M. Mostafaei, “Optimization of fusel oil – Gasoline blend ratio to enhance the performance and reduce emissions,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 148, pp. 1334–1345, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.005.

H. Solmaz, “Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of fusel oil in a spark ignition engine,” Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 133, pp. 20–28, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.01.010.

S. Simsek and B. Ozdalyan, “Improvements to the Composition of Fusel Oil and Analysis of the Effects of Fusel Oil-Gasoline Blends on a Spark-Ignited (SI) Engine’s Performance and Emissions,” mdpi.com?, doi: 10.3390/en11030625.

O. I. Awad et al., “Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, no. April 2016, pp. 1232–1242, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.244.

A. Calam, H. Solmaz, A. Uyumaz, … S. P.-J. of the energy, and U. 2015?, “Investigation of usability of the fusel oil in a single cylinder spark ignition engine?,” J. Energy Institute?, pp. 1–8, 2014.

O. Awad, R. Mamat, T. Ibrahim, … F. H.-E. conversion and, and undefined 2017?, “Calorific value enhancement of fusel oil by moisture removal and its effect on the performance and combustion of a spark ignition engine?,” Elsevier?.

O. Awad, R. Mamat, T. Ibrahim, M. K.-R. energy, and undefined 2018?, “Effects of fusel oil water content reduction on fuel properties, performance and emissions of SI engine fueled with gasoline-fusel oil blends?,” Elsevier?.

A. A. Hussein, O. M. Ali, A. Sh Hasan, and O. Majeed Ali, “Evaluation of SI engine performance and emissions using local gasoline fuel and ethanol additive.”

M. H. M. Yasin, R. Mamat, G. Najafi, O. M. Ali, A. F. Yusop, and M. H. Ali, “Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 79, pp. 1034–1049, 2017.

H. Sharudin, N. I. K. R. Abdullah, A. M. I. Mamat, and O. M. Ali, “Recent advances in the application and challanges of methanol fuels in spark ignition engine,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 7588–7595, 2016.

I. M. Yusri et al., “Retraction: Combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with n-butanol blends (2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater Sci Eng. 100 012048),” Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 100, no. 1, p. 12071, 2019.

M. H. M. Yasin et al., “Study of diesel-biodiesel fuel properties and wavelet analysis on cyclic variations in a diesel engine,” Energy procedia, vol. 110, pp. 498–503, 2017.

I. M. Yusri et al., “The combustion of n-butanol-diesel fuel blends and its cycle to cycle variability in a modern common-rail diesel engine,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2297–2301, 2016.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and C. K. M. Faizal, “Palm biodiesel production, properties and fuel additives,” Int. Rev. Mech. Eng., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1573–1580, 2012.

O. M. Ali, N. M. Salih, and J. I. Musa, “Optimum Engine Performance with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-diesel Blended Fuel,” J. Adv. Res. Dyn. Control Syst., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 494–501, 2018.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, G. Najafi, T. Yusaf, and S. M. Safieddin Ardebili, “Optimization of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel properties and engine performance with ether additive using statistical analysis and response surface methods,” Energies, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 14136–14150, 2015.

H. Sharudin, N. R. Abdullah, M. Yusoff, H. H. Masjuki, and O. M. Ali, “Investigation of the emission characteristics of iso-butanol additives on methanol-gasoline blends using spark ignition engine,” J. Mech. Eng., 2017.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Investigation of blended palm biodiesel-diesel fuel properties with oxygenated additive,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 5289–5293, 2016.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Investigation of blended biodiesel fuel properties with diethyl ether additive,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 5289–5293, 2016.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, C. H. E. K. U. M. Faizil, and A. F. Yusof, “Influence of oxygenated additive on blended biodiesel-diesel fuel properties,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, vol. 393, pp. 487–492.

O. M. Ali, T. Yusaf, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Influence of chemical blends on palm oil methyl esters’ cold flow properties and fuel characteristics,” Energies, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 4364–4380, 2014.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and C. K. M. Faizal, “Influence of 1-Butanol additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low temperature flow properties,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, vol. 465, pp. 130–136.

O. M. Ali and R. Mamat, “Improving engine performance and low temperature properties of blended palm biodiesel using additives. A review,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, vol. 315, pp. 68–72.

O. M. Ali, F. H. Hasan, and A. Z. Khalaf, “Improving Diesel Engine Efficiency and Emissions Using Fuel Additives,” DIYALA J. Eng. Sci., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 74–78, 2018.

O. M. Ali and R. Mamat, “Improvement of High Blend Palm Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Properties Using Ethanol Additive,” Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 324–328, 2015.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, C. Ku, and M. Faizal, “Improvement of Blended Biodiesel Fuel Properties with Ethanol Additive,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol., vol. 55, pp. 21–32, 2013.

H. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Wang, X. H.- Fuel, and undefined 2014?, “Effects of gasoline research octane number on premixed low-temperature combustion of wide distillation fuel by gasoline/diesel blend?,” Elsevier?.

T. Cerri, G. D’Errico, A. O.- Fuel, and undefined 2013?, “Experimental investigations on high octane number gasoline formulations for internal combustion engines?,” Elsevier?.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, A. Adam, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Analysis of Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Cyclic Variations with Ethanol Additive Utilization of Fusel Oil as Alternative fuel for Spark-Ignition Engines View project Fuel spray View project Analysis of Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Cyclic Varia,” Artic. J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, vol. 9, pp. 1–7, 2015, doi: 10.1166/jbmb.2015.1505.

J. Deelstra, “Estimation of water harvesting potential for a semiarid area using GIS and remote sensing,” 1997.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Commercial and synthesized additives for biodiesel fuel: a review,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 3650–3654, 2016.

O. Awad, R. Mamat, O. Ali, & I. Y.-J. of S. R., and undefined 2016?, “Effect of fuel oil-gasoline fusel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine: a review?,” core.ac.uk?.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, A. A. Abdullah, F. Khoerunnisa, and R. E. Sardjono, “Effects of different chemical additives on biodiesel fuel properties and engine performance. A comparison review,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016, vol. 38, p. 3002.

O. I. Awad, O. M. Ali, A. T. Hammid, and R. Mamat, “Impact of fusel oil moisture reduction on the fuel properties and combustion characteristics of SI engine fueled with gasoline-fusel oil blends,” Renew. energy, vol. 123, pp. 79–91, 2018.

W. S. Ghanim, O. K. Ahmed, and O. M. Ali, “Gasoline Engine Simulation Software: A Comparison Review,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1076, no. 1, p. 12070.

M. A. Taha, O. Ali, and M. M. Weis, “Fusel Oil as A Fuel Additive with Gasoline to Operate Spark Ignition Engine, A Comparative Review,” NTU J. Eng. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 63–66, 2021.

O. I. Awad, R. Mamat, O. M. Ali, M. F. Othman, and A. A. Abdullah, “Experimental Study of Performance and Emissions of Fusel Oil-Diesel Blend in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine,” Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 138, 2017.

M. S. M. Zaharin, N. R. Abdullah, H. H. Masjuki, O. M. Ali, G. Najafi, and T. Yusaf, “Evaluation on physicochemical properties of iso-butanol additives in ethanol-gasoline blend on performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 144, pp. 960–971, 2018.

A. A. Hussein, O. M. Ali, and A. S. Hasan, “Evaluation of SI engine performance and emissions using local gasoline fuel and ethanol additive,” J. Xi’an Univ. Archit. Technol., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 3983–3991, 2020.

O. M. Ali, “Evaluation of diesel engine performance with high blended diesel-biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 518, no. 3, p. 32054.

M. S. M. Zaharin, N. R. Abdullah, N. H. Badrulhisam, F. Hamzah, and O. M. Ali, “Estimation method of heating value properties on variations of alcohol-gasoline blends and volume percentages,” J. Mech. Eng., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 20–35, 2016.

O. Ali, N. Abdullah, R. Mamat, A. A.-E. Procedia, and undefined 2015?, “Comparison of the effect of different alcohol additives with blended fuel on cyclic variation in diesel engine?,” Elsevier?.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, N. R. Abdullah, and A. A. Abdullah, “Characteristic of blended fuel properties and engine cycle-to-cycle variations with butanol additive,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2015, vol. 1660, no. 1, p. 70006.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and O. I. Awad, “Characterization of high blended palm biodiesel fuel properties with chemical additive,” J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., vol. 9, no. Special Edition 2, pp. 505–512, 2015.

J. I. Musa, E. A. Eesaa, and O. M. Ali, “Enhancement of SI engines performance operating with gasoline fuel using high octane additives from waste materials,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2213, no. 1, p. 20032.

A. Shukur Hadi, O. Khalil Ahmed, and O. Majeed Ali, “Enhancement of Gasoline Fuel Quality with Commercial Additives to Improve Engine Performance,” Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 745, no. 1, p. 12065, 2020.

A. H. Ahmed, O. M. Ali, A. E. Mohammed, R. W. Daoud, and T. K. Ibrahim, “Enhancement of engine performance with high blended diesel-biodiesel fuel using iso-butanol additive,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 518, no. 3, p. 32013.

W. N. Maawa, R. Mamat, G. Najafi, O. M. Ali, and A. Aziz, “Engine performance and emission of compression ignition engine fuelled with emulsified biodiesel-water,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, vol. 100, no. 1, p. 12061.

Y. Ahmad Fitri, M. Rizalman, M. Hafizil, M. Yasin, and O. M. Ali, “Effects of Particulate Matter (Pm) Emissions of Diesel Engine Using Diesel-Methanol Blends,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 959–967, 2014.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, C. Ku, and M. Faizal, “Effects of Diethyl Ether Additives on Palm Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics and Low Temperature Flow Properties,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol., vol. 52, pp. 111–120, 2013.

R. Mamat et al., “Effects of Diesel-Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engine Single Cylinder on the Emission Characteristic,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018, vol. 225, p. 1013.

O. Ali, R. Mamat, … N. A.-I. J. of, and undefined 2013?, “Effects of blending ethanol with palm oil methyl esters on low temperature flow properties and fuel characteristics?,” earticle.net?.

O. Ali, R. Mamat, C. F.-A. M. and Materials, and undefined 2014?, “Characterization of blended biodiesel fuel properties With small portion of butanol as a fuel additive?,” Trans Tech Publ?.

O. Ali, R. Mamat, C. F.-A. M. and Materials, and undefined 2014?, “Influence of 1-Butanol additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low temperature flow properties?,” Trans Tech Publ?.

?, A. E., “Performance and emissions analysis on using acetone–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engine?,” ?Engineering Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1224–1232, 2016.

I. M. Yusri, R. Mamat, W. H. Azmi, A. I. Omar, M. A. Obed, and A. I. M. Shaiful, “Application of response surface methodology in optimization of performance and exhaust emissions of secondary butyl alcohol-gasoline blends in SI engine,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 133, pp. 178–195, 2017.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, C. Ku, and M. Faizal, “Effects of blending on biodiesel characteristics and low temperature flow properties,” Energy Educ. Sci. Technol. Part A Energy Sci. Res., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1209–1218, 2013.

F. Y. Hagos, O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and A. A. Abdullah, “Effect of emulsification and blending on the oxygenation and substitution of diesel fuel for compression ignition engine,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 75, pp. 1281–1294, 2017.

C. W. M. Noor, R. Mamat, O. Ali, G. Najafi, and W. N. D. Mansor, “Cyclic Variation Analysis of Palm Biodiesel Fuel in Low Compression Marine Diesel Engine,” J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci., vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 43–58, 2020.

O. M. Ali, N. R. Abdullah, R. Mamat, and A. A. Abdullah, “Comparison of the effect of different alcohol additives with blended fuel on cyclic variation in diesel engine,” Energy Procedia, vol. 75, pp. 2357–2362, 2015.

A. S. Hadi, O. K. Ahmed, and O. M. Ali, “Comparison of local gasoline fuel characteristics and SI engine performance with commercial fuel additives,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2213, no. 1, p. 20087.

O. M. Ali, R. Mamat, and C. K. M. Faizal, “Characterization of blended biodiesel fuel properties With small portion of butanol as a fuel additive,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, vol. 465, pp. 137–141.

H. H. Hamed, A. E. Mohammed, O. A. Habeeb, O. M. Ali, O. S. Aljaf, and M. A. Abdulqader, “Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil using Homogeneous Catalyst,” Egypt. J. Chem., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 2827–2832, 2021.

R. Tariq, N. Ahmed, J. Xamán, and A. Bassam, “An innovative air saturator for humidi fi cation-dehumidi fi cation desalination application,” vol. 228, no. July, pp. 789–807, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.135.

I. Policies, I. Action, C. Change, and T. Waters, “ABOUT UN-WATER,” pp. 9–10, 2020.

S. Senevirathna, S. Ramzan, and J. Morgan, “A sustainable and fully automated process to treat stored rainwater to meet drinking water quality guidelines,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., vol. 130, pp. 190–196, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2019.08.005.

G. M. Ayoub, M. Al-Hindi, and L. Malaeb, “A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 3179–3186, 2015, doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.933040.

M. A. R. S. Al-Baghdadi, “A simulation model for a single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine fueled with alternative fuels,” Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 331–350, 2006, doi: 10.3906/tar-1110-28.

S. Ardebili, H. Solmaz, D. ?pci, A. Calam, M. M.- Fuel, and U. 2020?, “A review on higher alcohol of fusel oil as a renewable fuel for internal combustion engines: Applications, challenges, and global potential?,” Elsevier?.

Downloads

Published

2022-02-04

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Enhancing gasoline fuel chararcteristics and engine operation criteria using octan boosters . (2022). NTU Journal of Renewable Energy, 2(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v2i1.157