Optimization and Simulation of the Perturb and Observe Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract

This paper simulates and investigates the "Perturbation and Observation" (P&O) algorithm, applied in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems: This work explores how dynamic adaptations to temperature and solar radiation can raise the efficiency of solar panels thereby optimizing power extraction from the photovoltaic system. Under study are a solar module, a DC-DC boost converter, a maximum power point tracking controller, and an electrical load.

Using MATLAB/Simulink, the performance of the algorithm under three separate operating conditions—variations in temperature at a constant solar radiation, variations in solar radiation at a constant temperature, and simultaneous variations in both solar radiation and temperature—was evaluated. The results show that the method offers fast dynamic reaction and great tracking of the greatest power point, therefore improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. The results of the study show that fast changes in solar radiation might affect the effectiveness of the algorithm, thereby stressing the need of more complex management techniques to preserve accurate and stable tracking.