Efficacy Of Wood Vinegar Toxicity On Southern Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)(Bruchidae: Coleoptera)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/cknpcd87Keywords:
Wood Vinegar , Toxicity , Eucalyptus , Mulberry , Willow , Callosobruchus maculatus.Abstract
The study proved that both eucalyptus, mulberry and willow inegar help reduce the toxicity of southern cowpea beetle at various stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) when used at 2, 4, 6 and 8 percent concentrations. When comparing vinegar types, eucalyptus had a better average egg-mortality rate than the other vinegar types studied, at 73.33%, 53.33%, and 61.67%, respectively. Statistical analysis results showed a significant difference between the average egg-mortality rates of eucalyptus vinegar and the other vinegar types.The eggs were mortality more successfully as the vinegar was made more concentrated, reaching 40.00%, 51.11%, 71.11% and 88.89% respectively. The study discovered that the percentages of insect larvae mortality by vinegar were 49.16, 46.67 and 45.83%, depending on the type of wood vinegar. The results indicated that as the Vinegar concentration increased, the average mortality among the larvae grew and became 26.67. 36.67, 52.22, 73.33% for the three species in the study. The average rate of pupal deaths due to eucalyptus, mulberry and willow vinegar was 52.49, 52.77, 52.72%, respectively. As the levels of the toxic substance increased, the amount of pupal death also went up. It was demonstrated that eucalyptus vinegar mortality the highest average number of adult insects, with 55.83%, compared to the 47.50 and 42.50% results for mulberry and willow vinegar. The EUA proved that adult insect death was significantly lower when using eucalyptus vinegar compared to the other types. Adult insects experienced a higher death rate as vinegar concentration increased, reaching 26.67, 40, 55.56 and 72.22%. % Respectively.
References
Al-Adli, A. (2006). Pesticide application and its effect on the control of stored-product insects. Journal of Agricultural Science, 144(2), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859606000435
Al-Hadidi, Marwa Mohammed Abdullah (2018).. "The effect of microwave radiation and the type of food host on the biological efficiency of the southern cowpea beetle" Master's thesis, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Mosul. 80 pages.
Antar, M. (2010). Statistical methods for agricultural experiments: Randomized complete block design and analysis of variance. Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(3), 112-118.
Dissatian, A., Sanitchon, J., Pongdontri, P., Jongrungklang, N., & Jothityangkoon, D. (2018). “Potential of Wood Vinegar for Enhancing Seed Germination of Three Upland Rice Varieties by Suppressing Malondialdehyde Production.” Agrivita 40(2): 371–80. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v40i2.1332
Esfahlam, M., & Ryszard, P. (2018). Wood vinegar production and its application in pest management. Journal of Environmental Management, 223, 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.035
Finney. Probit (1971). Analysis Cambridge University , press London, 256 pp. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jps.2600600940
Hamdani, A. (2023). Effect of seed oils on the mortality rates of red flour beetle stages (Tribolium castaneum). Journal of Entomological Research, 58(4), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2023.02.011
Johnson, R. A., & Lee, T. H. (2019). Impact of vinegar (acetic acid) concentrations on seed germination and early growth stages of various plants. Plant Science Journal, 54(2):112-120.
KOÇ, ?.1.,Ö?ÜN, E. NAMLI, A., MENDE?, M., KUTLU, E., YARDIM, E. N.( 2019). “The Effects of Wood Vinegar on Some Soil Microorganisms.” Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(2): 2437–47.
Lei, M., Liu, B., & Wang, X. (2018). Effect of adding wood vinegar on cucumber Cucumis sativus L seed germination. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 128(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012186
Mssillou, I., Agour, A., El Ghouizi, A., Hamamouch, N., Lyoussi, B., & Derwich, E. (2020). Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antifungal Effects of Essential Oil from Laurus nobilis L. Flowers Growing in Morocco. Journal of Food Quality, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8819311
Ouattara, H. A. A., N’Guessan, K. B., Kouamé, K. S., & N’Guessan, D. Y. (2023). Wood vinegars: Production processes, properties, and valorization. Forest Products Journal, 73(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-22-00030.
Salarikia, A., Jian, F., Jayas, D. S., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Segregation of dockage and foreign materials in wheat during loading into a 10-m diameter corrugated steel bin. Journal of Stored Products Research, 93, 101837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101837
Usman Gabi, A., Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu, Usman Ibrahim Hamza, Ibrahim Yahaya, Habiba Maikudi Muhammad, Aliyu Danjuma Aliyu, & Hauwa Hussaini Ndayako. (2022). Effects of Callosobruchus maculatus Infestation on the Proximate Composition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Sold in Lapai Market. UMYU Scientifica, 1(1), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.026
Zhang, K., Khan, Z., Liu, J., Luo, T., Zhu, K., Hu, L., … Luo, L. (2022). Germination and Growth Performance of Water-Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice Enhanced by Seed Treatment with Wood Vinegar and Biochar under Dry Direct-Seeded System. Agronomy, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051223
