Molecular characterization of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from eye infections in domestic cats in Mosul city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/c6jt3220Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, PCR , Cat, VirulenceAbstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global threat in both human and veterinary sectors. In this study, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were previously isolated from cats with eye infections have characterised using PCR and DNA sequencing. The mecA resistance gene, in addition to clfA, cfB and coa virulence factor genes were used as molecular markers. The results indicated successful amplification of all these genes with PCR product size 147, 288, 203 and 674 bp, respectively. Additionally, the sequencing results of mecA gene confirm the PCR results, and 4 MRSA isolates were registered in the GenBank under accession no. PQ181561, PQ181562, PQ181563 and PQ181564. The phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene indicates that the source of these bacteria is human. In conclusion, pet cats serve as reservoir for MRSA and could transmit such zoonotic pathogen to humans in contact with these animals.
References
Alkhafaje WK, Olama ZA, Ali SM: Molecular characterization and microbial resistance of different bacterial isolates in some dairy products. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2022, 36(2):333-339. https://vetmedmosul.com/article_172966.html
Araújo D, Oliveira R, Silva B, Castro J, Ramos C, Matos F, Almeida C, Silva S: Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical specimens of companion animals in Northern Portugal, 2021-2023. The Veterinary Journal 2024:106153. https://hdl.handle.net/1822/91952
González-Vázquez R, Córdova-Espinoza MG, Escamilla-Gutiérrez A, Herrera-Cuevas MdR, González-Vázquez R, Esquivel-Campos AL, López-Pelcastre L, Torres-Cubillas W, Mayorga-Reyes L, Mendoza-Pérez F: Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation. Pathogens 2024, 13(3):212. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/212/pdf-vor
Junaidi NSSA, Shakrin NNSM, Desa MNM, Yunus WMZW: Dissemination Pattern of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Acquired MRSA Isolates from Malaysian Hospitals: A Review from a Molecular Perspective. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS 2023, 30(2):26. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10125240/
Sheet OH: Molecular detection of mecA gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy mastitis in Nineveh governorate, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2022, 36(4):939-943. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2022.132643.2115
Baran A, Oz C, Cengiz S, Adiguzel MCJPVB: Genomic characterization, antimicrobial resistance profiles, enterotoxin, and biofilm production of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and animal products origins in Eastern Turkey. 2022, 42:e06991. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6991
Van Duijkeren E, Kamphuis M, Van der Mije I, Laarhoven L, Duim B, Wagenaar J, Houwers D: Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between infected dogs and cats and contact pets, humans and the environment in households and veterinary clinics. Veterinary Microbiology 2011, 150(3-4):338-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.012
Sheet OH, Al-Mahmood OA, Othamn SM, Al-Sanjary RA, Alsabawi AH, Abdulhak AA: Detection of positive mecA Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and butchers’ shops by using PCR technique in Mosul city Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2023, 37(4):865-870. https://www.vetmedmosul.com/article_180562.html
Hemeg HA: Determination of phylogenetic relationships among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from infected humans and companion animals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28(4):2098-2101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.017
Köck R, Ballhausen B, Bischoff M, Cuny C, Eckmanns T, Fetsch A, Harmsen D, Goerge T, Oberheitmann B, Schwarz S: The impact of zoonotic MRSA colonization and infection in Germany. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2014, 127(9-10):384-398. https://www.vetline.de/system/files/frei/BMW_2014_09_10_0384_onl300.pdf
Cengiz S, Okur S, Oz C, Turgut F, Gumurcinler B, Sevuk NS, Kekec AI, Cepoglu H, Sevimli U, Adiguzel MC: Prevalence and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats with eye discharge. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 2023, 70(2):134-141. https://doi.org/10.1556/030.2023.01899
Thomson P, García P, Miles J, Isla D, Yáñez C, Santibáñez R, Núñez A, Flores-Yáñez C, Del Río C, Cuadra F: Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus species obtained from healthy companion animals and humans. Veterinary Sciences 2022, 9(2):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020079
Soimala T, Lübke-Becker A, Hanke D, Eichhorn I, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Eule JC: Molecular and phenotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from ocular surfaces of dogs and cats suffering from ophthalmological diseases. Veterinary Microbiology 2020, 244:108687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108687
Sing A, Tuschak C, Hörmansdorfer S: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a family and its pet cat. New England Journal of Medicine 2008, 358(11):1200-1201. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc0706805
Bitrus A, Peter O, Abbas M, Goni M, Reviews: Staphylococcus aureus: A review of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Journal of Veterinary Sciences: Research 2018, 4(2):43-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.vsrr/2018/4.2.43.54
Li Z: A review of Staphylococcus aureus and the emergence of drug-resistant problem. Advances in Microbiology 2018, 8(1):65-76. https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2018.81006
González-Martín M, Corbera JA, Suárez-Bonnet A, Tejedor-Junco MT: Virulence factors in coagulase-positive staphylococci of veterinary interest other than Staphylococcus aureus. Veterinary Quarterly 2020, 40(1):118-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2020.1748253
Abdullahi IN, Zarazaga M, Campaña?Burguet A, Eguizábal P, Lozano C, Torres C: Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius carriage in healthy dogs and cats: a systematic review of their antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic lineages of zoonotic relevance. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2022, 133(6):3368-3390. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15803
Cheung GY, Bae JS, Otto M: Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence 2021, 12(1):547-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1878688
Zainulabdeen S, Dakl AAA: Pathogenicity and virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. MJPS 2021, 8(52113):2. http://dx.doi.org/%2010.52113/2/08.01.2021/109-119
Sheet OH, Hussein SA, Al-Chalaby AY: Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from broiler carcasses in Mosul city. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2021, 35(3):489-493. https://vetmedmosul.com/article_168007.html
Taha AH, Al-Mahmood OA, Sheet OH, Hamed AA, Al-Sanjary RA, Abdulmawjood AA: Molecular detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local fish in Mosul city Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 2024, 38(2):437-441. https://www.vetmedmosul.com/article_182637.html
Rahman M, Amin K, Rahman S, Khair A, Rahman M, Hossain A, Rahman A, Parvez M, Miura N, Alam M: Investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates from humans and animals by culture methods and multiplex PCR. BMC veterinary research 2018, 14:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1611-0
Tristan A, Ying L, Bes M, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Lina GJJocm: Use of multiplex PCR to identify Staphylococcus aureus adhesins involved in human hematogenous infections. 2003, 41(9):4465-4467. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.9.4465-4467.2003
Javid F, Taku A, Bhat MA, Badroo GA, Mudasir M, Sofi TAJVw: Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus based on coagulase gene. 2018, 11(4):423. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.423-430
Udainiya S, Tiwari A, Mishra A, Dubey A: One Health approach of infectious diseases of dogs and cats. In: Introduction to Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management of Dogs and Cats. edn.: Elsevier; 2024: 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18548-9.00040-8
Howden BP, Giulieri SG, Wong Fok Lung T, Baines SL, Sharkey LK, Lee JY, Hachani A, Monk IR, Stinear TP: Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2023, 21(6):380-395. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00852-y
Bramble M, Morris D, Tolomeo P, Lautenbach E: Potential role of pet animals in household transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a narrative review. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases 2011, 11(6):617-620. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0025
Faires MC, Tater KC, Weese JS: An investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected pet. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2009, 235(5):540-543. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.235.5.540
Loncaric I, Tichy A, Handler S, Szostak MP, Tickert M, Diab-Elschahawi M, Spergser J, Künzel F: Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sp.(MRS) in different companion animals and determination of risk factors for colonization with MRS. Antibiotics 2019, 8(2):36. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020036
Weese JS, Dick H, Willey BM, McGeer A, Kreiswirth BN, Innis B, Low DE: Suspected transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between domestic pets and humans in veterinary clinics and in the household. Veterinary microbiology 2006, 115(1-3):148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.004
Bierowiec K, P?oneczka-Janeczko K, Rypu?a K: Cats and dogs as a reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus. Postepy Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej 2014, 68:992-997. https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1117546
Bierowiec K, P?oneczka-Janeczko K, Rypu?a K: Is the colonisation of Staphylococcus aureus in pets associated with their close contact with owners? PLoS One 2016, 11(5):e0156052. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156052
Ashraf S, Cheng J, Zhao X: Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus interacts with AnnexinA2 on mammary epithelial cells. Scientific Reports 2017, 7(1):40608. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40608
