NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

A comparative study on the performance of Gray Wolves Optimization and Multi-Free Dynamic Schema

Radhwan Yousif Al-Jawadi — 2024-04-06

In this paper, we present a comparison study on the performance of Gray Wolves Optimization (GWO) and Multi-free dynamic schema (MFDS) algorithms. The Multi-free Dynamic Schema (MFDS) algorithm is a sophisticated optimization method created for solving optimization problems. It contains different operators (dynamic schema operator, dissimilarity operator, similarity operator and free dynamic schema operator). Where, The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the social behavior of grey wolves in a pack. This study focused on the run time and the number of iterations to reach the optimal solutions. The sample of this comparison was on ten functions. The results showed the superiority of an algorithm (MFDS) on (GWO) algorithm in most test functions, especially at the run time.

Association of H. pylori IgG and CagA-IgG with some immunological and biochemical parameters in diabetic patients.

Nadia Saad — 2024-04-06

Helicobacter pylori a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped, and flagellated bacteria whose primary reservoir is the human stomach. It can cause gastric and extra-gastric diseases. So the study aimed to find the relationship between infection with H. pylori and progression of type II diabetes with other immunological markers. Method This study was conducted in Kirkuk City from Nov. 2022 to Apr. 2023 and included 106 individuals, 26 as a control group and 80 patients (34 males and 46 females) with mean age 57.61 suffering from DMII with H. pylori stool antigen positive results (immunochromatographic test cassette). Five ml of venous blood samples were taken for the HbA1c test (immunodetection technique), fast serum glucose (Hexokinase/G-6-PDH), serum H. pylori IgG, H. pylori CagA IgG, Interlukin-1?, and Interleukin-10 analysis (Sandwich-ELISA technique). Results There was a positive correlation between H. pylori IgG titer and HbA1c levels (0.0321, P = 0.004). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the levels of IL-1? and the H. pylori CagA IgG (r =0.579, P = 0.000). While a negative correlation was found between HbA1c level and IL-10 concentration, (r = -0.500, P = 0.000), there was also a negative association between IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (r = -0.485, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Through the results of this correlation, we suggest a relationship between H. pylori infection and DMII.

Comparison between Rapid Test and ELISA in Cytomegalovirus Detection among Pregnant Women in Kirkuk City

zena muayad — 2024-04-06

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus is member of herpes virus that has a phospholipid-rich membrane, capsids, and a network of DNA. As this virus affects many living cell in the body, people are at risk of acquiring it especially immuno-compromised patients like pregnant women and can transmit it to their fetus therefore the diagnosis of the virus is important for monitoring the infection in mother and prevent transition to the fetus. Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare two common methods for Cytomegalovirus diagnosis. Materials and method: CMV Rapid Test was performed to detect IgG & IgM Abs specific for CMV using CTK BIOTECH/USA kit. Second method was ELISA technique that performed for further validation using Bioactive/Germany kit. CBC test also performed to compare (WBC, Hb. Lymphocyte, platelet) count between patients and control groups. Results: By rapid test, all patients tested positive for IgG, however only (10.16%) of 128 patients tested positive for CMV IgM, according to ELISA, which shows that the number of IgM positivity was only (8.59%). According to complete blood count we indicated that there were significant differences between patients and control regarding to WBC count and lymphocyte count with P value (0.0001) and (0.0001) respectively. No significant differences observed in hemoglobin concentration and platelet level between two groups. Conclusions: Viral infections require accurate diagnosis to minimize negative outcomes and the results showed that Cytomegalovirus diagnosis in pregnant women via ELISA test is more accurate, specific and sensitive than rapid test.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Otitis Media in Kirkuk City

golsan Hasan — 2024-04-06

Background: Otitis media (OM) is middle ear inflammation, it is a prevalent health care disorder that affects people of all ages and both genders. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most prevalent pathogen bacteria that causes the disease and has a high level of antibiotic resistance. The P. aeruginosa possess virulence characteristics which cause damages to the middle ear mucosa.Antibiotic resistance constitutes the main threat to people's health. Objective: The objective of the current study is to evaluate the frequency of P. aeruginosa isolated from Otitis media patients and investigate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: total of 235 ear swabs were collected from otitis media patients who visited a specialized outpatient center in Kirkuk City and the ENT consultation facility at Kirkuk Hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the VITEK 2 AST card and bacterial isolation and identification were both done. Results: The results of this study reveal that out of 235 ear swabs collected from patients with otitis media showed 22/235 (9.4 %) isolation rate for P. aeruginosa. And among the most effective antibiotics against the most of the detected pathogenic bacteria were Amikacin (95.4%), followed by Ceftazidime/ Avibactam, Piperacillin /Tazobactam, and Ceftolozane/ Tazobactam each with (91%), Colistin (86%), Imipenemand and Meropenem (81.8%, 86.4%) respectively, Ceftazidime, Cefeime, Levofloxacin, and Azreonam each with ( 77.3%), Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin both (72.7%) with Gentamicin (68.2%). Conclusion: The bacteria P. aeruginosa was most common prevalent isolate in the ear swabs, and this bacteria is multidrugs resistance (MDR). Additionally, the most efficient antibiotic against P. aeruginosa isolates responsible for otitis media was Amikacin.

The relationship of hypothyroidism to iron deficiency in the body: Review Article

Sana Abdulmawjood — 2024-04-06

The lack of iron storage has a significant impact on the thyroid gland's efficiency, and its synthesis of hormones, which are required for biological activities in the body, has been compromised. Furthermore, thyroid issues have a negative impact on iron levels in the body and the amount of iron stored. Inactivity of the gland leads to poor iron absorption, and it is frequently misdiagnosed with hypothyroidism due to similar symptoms. Although hypothyroidism and iron insufficiency are distinct illnesses, they are sometimes linked. Hypothyroidism can impair the body's ability to absorb iron, resulting in iron deficiency anemia. Furthermore, because both illnesses can induce symptoms like weariness, weakness, and pale skin, it's critical to receive a good diagnosis to discover the underlying source of these symptoms. Iron deficiency is commonly connected with hypothyroidism. Current research has demonstrated that adding iron to hormonal therapy for the treatment of pathological hypothyroidism situations improved the pathological condition as compared to using hormonal therapy for the thyroid gland alone.

Treatment and Prevention of Oral Biofilms by Clove _Gold Nanoparticles (Comparative Study).

Hasan Allawi — 2024-04-06

The goal of the study was to find out the antibiofilm activity of biosynthesizing gold nanoparticles derived from clove buds extracts against certain oral bacteria, to compare between preventive and treatment protocols. The antibiofilm activity was tested using the Microtiter plate method against oral bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp). This study has showed a good antibiofilm^. effect on oral bacteria.