NTU Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science

Rapid diagnosis of the most common causes of abortion in Awassi ewes in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq

osama muwafaq — 2024-03-28

The study aimed to determine the rates of infection with the most common causes of abortion by Rapid methods of diagnosis, and abortion rates in the governorate’s areas. Rapid methods of diagnosis are important to help the veterinarian in diagnosing abortions in order to reduce the economic loss of sheep by taking the appropriate decision and treatment within a short time. This study was conducted on 92 samples (46 vaginal swabs, 46 blood) representing 60 flocks, the study was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023. The following tests were used, FASTest CHLAM Ag rapid screening test for Chlamydia, Rose Bengal Agglutination Test for Brucella, and Latex agglutination test for Toxoplasma. Results indicate that 13/46 positive samples were 28.26% for chlamydia, 29/46 positive samples 63.04% for Brucella, and 17/46 positive samples 36.95% for toxoplasma. It has been concluded that with a high infection rate of Chlamydia abortus in ewes in Nineveh, the rapid test was ideal for the diagnosis of Chlamydia. A high infection rate of Chlamydia in the center and northern areas of Nineveh.

Diabetes mellitus in pet animals

Ahmed Hussein — 2024-03-28

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a recurrent trouble found in humans and animals, especially dogs and cats. Clinical symptoms include hyperglycemia with glycosuria, and using the documentation of their persistencefor diagnosis. The insurance that the owners of cats or dogs have the ability to administer of insulin, perceive the clinical symptoms of deficiency control DM, and observe of glucose concentrations in blood, are important steps in the successful management of DM. Treatment by using insulin twice daily with the diet diversity is very useful in the management insulin resistance and obesity in dogs. In cats, the first treatment includes moving to a diet of low-carbohydrates accompanied by an injection of insulin twice daily. Amnesty rates in cats can be more than 90%, while in dogs the disease, with the omission of a bias disorder, is usually life-long. This manuscript aim to detail the achievable classification, pathogenesis and etiology of impulsive DM in pet animals and spotlight innovative conducted research in this area.

Qualitative characteristics of the water of the Tigris River for two sites in the city of Mosul

mohammed altaee — 2024-03-28

Changing the quality characteristics of water directly affects human health ,living organisms, physical and chemical properties of the soil, and affects crop yield. Two sites were chosen to collect samples, the first in the village of Sharekhan which is the last point through which the Tigris River passes before entering the city of Mosul, which is located northwest of the city of Mosul .The second site was in village of Al-Busif south of Mosul to compare the seasonal change in the Qualitative characteristics of the water between the two sites.The results indicated an increase in most of the studied characteristics in the summer and autumn season compared to the winter and spring seasons due to the variation in rain rates and temperatures between the seasons. water in Tigris River at the Sharekhan site for all the studied characteristics was of higher quality than that was taken from the AlBusif site to be used for the purposes of (human drinking, plant irrigation, livestock and poultry watering, and fish life). This can attributed to the effect of liquid waste loaded to the River as it passes
through the city of Mosul.

Estimate of General and Specific Combining Ability for Double Hybrids of Corn(Zea mays L.)

Haitham AbdelSattar Saeed — 2024-03-28

Six inbred lines of maize (1) H, (2) A, (3) I, (4) T, (5) E, (6) M, obtain (45) double hybrids result from ( 15) single hybrids. The seeds of Double hybrids were sown in experiments comparison using randomized completely block design (RCBD) in three replication in the field of technical agricultural college It was conducted during 2021 autumn to estimate general and specific combining ability parents and double hybrids to study traits like (number of days to silking and tasselling, plant height, ear diameter and length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, 300 grain weight, yield per plant.depended comparison Analysis of variances for double hybrids were differ significantly at 1% for all studied traits. Result from comparison analysis variances double hybrids showed presence effects additive genetic and non additive genetic effects for all traits. The inbreed ( A ) effects desirable of general combining ability for all characters. Followed by inbreed ( I ) which showed desirable general effects for all characters except height plant. The performance of double hybrid was good for all characters of interaction in arrangement (ij) (kl) and then could be used in future breeding programs.

Molecular determination of virulence factors of Mycoplasma cynos isolated from household dogs

Saba abdulraheem Hussein — 2024-03-28

Mycoplasma cynos is a member of the class Mollicutes. It is more pathogenic, more host specific than other canine Mycoplasma, and only associated with respiratory diseases in dogs due to producing many virulence factors, recently neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. The study was done to detect the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma cynos isolated from the upper respiratory tract and conjunctival infections in household dogs. Mycoplasma isolates obtained from nasal, oropharyngeal, and conjunctival swabs from household dogs suffering from respiratory diseases in different veterinary clinics in Mosul city. DNA extraction was prepared , PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA, then Mycoplasma cynos was examined for neuraminidase and hemagglutinin using specific primers.The results showed the identification of Mycoplasma cynos strain "SM-MY-M23" under accession number“OQ446513” in percentage (67.6%), and detection of neuraminidase only. Results obtained are considered the first record of M. cynos and the important virulence factor (Neuraminidase) from household dogs in Iraq.

The effect of the type of milk on the chemical, rheological and yield properties of cheddar cheese produced from cow's and goat's milk

Fatima Mohammed — 2024-03-28

This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of milk on the chemical properties, textural properties, and separation percentage of cheddar cheese produced from cow's milk and goat's milk. Where cheddar cheese is made from T1-modified cow's milk. Cheddar cheese is also made from T2 modified fat goat milk. The cheese was kept in ripening rooms at a temperature of 13°C for 6 months, and tests were conducted on the treatments during 1, 60, 120, and 180 days of the ripening period. The chemical tests included estimating the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and total acidity, in addition to estimating the acidity. pH, while rheological tests included hardness, cohesion and flexibility. The percentage of purification of the cheddar cheese treatments was also estimated. The results showed that the cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk was characterized by a lower moisture content than the cheddar cheese produced from cow’s milk. The percentages of protein, fat, ash, and acidity also increased, while the percentage of carbohydrates and PH decreased in the cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to Cheddar cheese produced from cow's milk. The results of rheological tests also showed lower values of hardness and cohesion and higher elasticity in cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to cheddar cheese produced from cow’s milk. The results also showed a lower percentage of decantation in cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to cheddar cheese produced from cow’s milk

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide at a Temperature of 35°C and with Different Incubation Times on the numbers of Bacillus Subtilis in Raw milk

Mortja Hamza Olaiwi — 2024-03-28

This study was conducted to investigate the potential factors effects on hydrogen peroxide bacterial spores killing severity. This study was achieved in Dairy Science and Technology Department , Food Sciences College, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq, during (2022 2023). Itincluded an experiment evaluation of the effect of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% concentrations of hydrogen peroxide at temperature of 35 degrees Celsius during an incubation time of 10, 20, 40, and 80 minutes. After that, the number of bacteria was measured by the plate counting method. The treatments were subjected to heat treatmentsat temperatures of 85, 90, and 95 degrees Celsius with and without added Hydrogen Peroxide for 20 minutes. The results showed that 0.1% Hydrogen Peroxide concentration eliminated entirely vegetative Bacillus bacteria and its spores. The results also indicated the concentration of 0.05%.and Heat treatment 90 and 95 °C eliminated bacterial spores to the comparison to control treatment 4.5×410 Cfu.ml-1 raw milk. The results also show a concentration of 0.01%. with heat treatment at 85, 90, and 95°C reduced the number of bacteria, 45×102 , 35×102 Cfu.ml^-1 raw milk, and 25×102, respectively, compared to the control treatment 4.5 ×104 Cfu.ml^-1 raw milk.

Histomorphometrical and histochemical study of small intestine development in local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) embryos

Saffanah Mahmood — 2024-03-28

This study demonstrated for the first time the histomorphometry of the small intestine (SI) and distribution of goblet and Paneth cells, collagen, and smooth muscle fibers in (SI) of the local chicken and duck during embryological development using the combined PAS and Alcian blue (pH2.5), Geimsa, and Masson's trichrome stains. One hundred and four fertilized chicken eggs and one hundred and forty fertilized duck eggs were collected from Mosul city. The sample placed in an incubator with automatic movement, ventilation, and humidity was (60%) and the temperature was (37.7 °C) for chicken and (37.5 °C) for duck. The histomorphometry showed significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 19th and 21st days of incubation of the villi's length, width, and apparent surface area. As for the epithelium height and the intestinal crypts, there were significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 18th and 20th days of incubation in the ileum and jejunum. Furthermore, the mucosa was thicker in chicken embryos in the day of hatching, the submucosa was thicker in ducks during the 18th day of the incubation in the duodenum. During day 15 of the incubation in chicken embryos in the jejunum and ileum, the muscularis layer was thicker in the duodenum and jejunum and less thick in the ileum, and the collagen fibers were less too in the duck embryos at hatching d. The serosa was thicker in the duck embryos. The percentage of the goblet cells was higher with a larger density in duck embryos than chicken at hatching day. Paneth cells were characterized by acidic granular cytoplasm. The achieved outcomes of histomorphometry and the density variances of the glycoprotein secretion are probably linked with numerous definite roles of (SI) parts in the progressions of nutrient absorption.

The effect of using some extraction techniques on the physical and chemical properties of essential oils of citrus peels

Ashraf Alobidy — 2024-03-28

The aim of the current study was to determine how extraction techniques affected the physical and chemical properties of the essential oils from citrus peels, specifically C.bitter orange and C.lemon. The results of the study were summarized as follows:
1- The extraction method using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation without solvents was the best in terms of yield, time, and energy savings compared to the extraction method by pre-treatment with ultrasound and then hydro-distillation and hydro-distillation extraction .
2- The essential oil extracted from dried bitter orange peels gave the best extraction yield using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation without solvents, reaching 4.21%, followed by lemon, which reached 2.21%.
3- No significant effect was observed between the extraction methods used and the physical properties. While observed, there is a slight significant effect between the extraction methods used and the chemical properties of the C. bitter orange peel essential oil.
4-It is noted that there is a slight significant effect between the extraction methods used and the physical and chemical properties of the C. Limon peel essential oil.

Study the Genetic Variance of Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Zahraa ALmashhdany — 2024-03-28

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul for the autumn season 2022-2023, and Ten genotypes were used, namely (DR-F-53, MA-F-53, H-4, DKC-F-59, IK-58, ZP-595, POL-F-6, SYM-F-53, MY-F-53 and SYN-F-54) To study the genetic stability of genotypes of maize according and the experiment was a The Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replicates and the traits of studied (date of tasseling , date of silking , number of ears per plant , number of grains per ear , weight of 500 grains, single plant production) . The results showed that in terms of genetic, phenotypic and environmental variations, heritability in the broad sense, and the expected genetic improvement as a percentage, it was high for all genotypes and for all traits, and this gives an opportunity for selection for these superior traits.